Employee relations(Royal Mail) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee relations(Royal Mail) - Essay Example It is at this time that the people started forming groups and placing their demands together. That is when the concept of union took birth and the people started getting unionized. The union started placing demand in the form of collective bargaining. There were other methods of negotiations too that were developed. It is in the following pages that this method of negotiation of conflict is discussed. the process of discussion follows the critical analysis of the success and effectiveness of the collective bargaining method from the view point of different researchers and then going on to study the other methods of negotiation. According to Aidt and Tzannatos, who studied the effect of collective bargaining on the macroeconomic environment, found that ceteris paribus the countries that have high levels of coordinated collective bargaining are accompanied by low levels of unemployment. It is found that in the countries where there is more coordinated bargaining the quality and the quantity of the job increase (Aidt and Tzannatos, 2002). In another paper the researchers argue that countries where there is high levels of bargaining there is poor performance on the economic front. However the adverse effects of the bargaining coverage can be covered by more coordinated effort towards bargaining. The researchers argue that the process of bargaining efforts is most important in times of economic growth rather than in stable economic conditions (Aidt, and Tzannatos, 2008). According to the researcher individual representation is fast becoming a fact to place ones demands in the private sector for a wide variety o f reasons. Thus the author argues that in case of modern private organization the significance of collective bargaining is on the decline (Troy, 2000).according to card the effectiveness of the collective bargaining mechanism or the fact about whether the collective

The Impact Of Globalisation On Chile

The Impact Of Globalisation On Chile Chiles economy is ranked as an upper middle income developing economy by the World Bank, and is one of South Americas most stable and successful nations, leading Latin American nations in human development, income per capita, competitiveness, economic freedom, globalisation, and low perception of corruption (ranked 21 CPI). However, it has high economic inequality, as measured by the Gini index. Chile has a population of approximately 17.1 million people and has a total land area of 756,950km2(38th). Chile has high living standards (ranking 39th in the world) and a solid foundation for growth, despite employment shortages, with a Gross National Income per capita of $US 9,470 in 2010 (in purchasing parity terms, which accounts for exchange rate effects). Chile has been one of the fastest growing economies since the mid-1980s. During the past 20 years -the period following the return of democracy in 1990- the economy has averaged almost 4.1% annual per capita growth, raising per capita income for the 17 million Chileans to more than $7,000, making them among the most well-off people in South America, and creating a flourishing middle class. Per capita income has doubled in real terms and the comparative income gap between Chile and high-income OECD countries has decreased substantially. Today, only 18.7% of the population lives below the poverty line, compared, for example, with 38.7% in Brazil and 62.4% in Bolivia. At this pace, Chile will become Latin Americas most prosperous nation. The government of Chile is a structure of a democratic republic, where the President of Chile is both head of state and head of government. Chiles legal system is civil law based. Chiles current Constitution was approved in a national referendum in September 1980, under the military government of Dictator Augusto Pinochet. For the duration of the Pinochet government, Chile moved out of economic statism to adopt a free market economy, which encouraged an increase in foreign and domestic investment. Following Pinochets power in the 1988, the country was ready to continue with a referendum; and as a result the Constitution was amended to ease requirements for future amendments to the Constitution. From the time of the return of democracy in 1990, Chile has been committed to proceeding economic reforms, a transparent public administration, proactive social investments, and a stable, consensus-based government. In March 2010, Coalition for Change candidate HE Mr Sebastian Pià ±era was elected president, putting an ending to twenty years of rule by the Consertacià ³n political movement. The current president attained office after the worst tidal wave and earthquake in Chiles history. In response to the emergency, the governments plan prioritised reconstruction during the first part of Pià ±eras term. Chiles economy is based on the export of minerals, which account for more than one-fourth of GDP, with commodities making up approximately three-quarters of total exports. Copper is the nations most valuable resource providing alone one-third of government revenue. Chile is the worlds largest producer of copper. The major mining company based in Chile is BHP-Billiton, holding a 57.5 per cent stake of the worlds largest copper mine, Escondida, located in northern Chile. Additionally agriculture is the main employment industry of about 15% of the population; accounting for about 6% of Chiles national wealth, and producing less than half of household wants. The Coastal valleys of Chile are the countrys primary agricultural area; its vineyards are the basis of Chiles wine industry *(Chile is the worlds fifth largest exporter of wine and the eighth largest producer). Grapes, apples, pears, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, onions, beans, and asparagus are the most grown and harvested crops. Livestock production includes poultry and beef. Sheep farming is the leading pastoral occupation, providing meat and wool for domestic use and for export. Lumbering and fishing are also important economic activities. Chiles industries largely process its raw materials and manufacture a range of consumer goods. The main products are copper and other minerals, iron and steel, fish, processed food, transportation equipment, textiles, and wood and wood products. The dependence of the Chilean economy on copper prices and the production of an adequate food supply are two of Chiles major economic problems. Chiles main imports are petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas, and electrical and telecommunications equipment. The primary trading partners of Chile are the United States, China, Brazil, Argentina, and South Korea. Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and TradeSource: Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and TradeAustralian Government: Department of foreign affairs and trade: Chile Country brief 2011 Factors that may inhibit ongoing development in Chile While Chilean salmon and cabernet (red wine grapes) have achieved global success, copper alone still accounts for 46% of all exports; and this is one main challenge Chile faces, there is a need to diversify its copper-dependent economy, for commodities have never been able to absorb the entire workforce, and service industries have not developed satisfactorily to make up the gap. As a result, Chile, the worlds leading producer of copper, felt the impact of the global economic crisis as export markets contracted. Low external demand had weakened industrial production, raising unemployment and reducing investment. It is evident, even with growth of 6% to 6.5% GDP in 2011, due to the vast demand from China for Chilean copper, unemployment is wedged at 8.6%. Amongst people under the age of 24, the rate is virtually three times higher, in part because of firm labour laws that make part-time jobs scarce. But employers also mention a skills deficit. Spending on education, at 4.2% of gross domestic product, lags behind the 8.1% Malaysia spends, for example, or the 6.4% Finland budgets. Currently, the level of education of Chiles labour force is consistent with the countrys level of income. However, there is evidence that the quality of education is not as good as the countrys high enrolment rates would suggest. Furthermore the curriculum also must be modernized to include more science, math and reasoning skills (speaking English) needed in the workplace. In the latest World Competitiveness Yearbook, compiled by the International Institute for Management Development, Chile ranked low at 41st among 60 nations on the quality of its science education. In summary, it is clear that the quality of education in Chile is low, but this may be the result either of inefficient education expenditure, or of high income inequality, or both. More research needs to be done to separate these effects. Estimates suggest that increasing the quality of education can offer quite a large boost to economic growth. Lastly, it is important to point out that the payoffs of improving quality of education take time to deliver significant results. The children that today could receive good education will be a large proportion of the labour force in about 20 more years. For this reason is important to also look for improving abilities of people already in the labour force through training programs. However, despite these lags on the effects of education, improving its quality is a powerful tool for equalizing opportunities, and for integrating poor families to the benefits of economic progress. Although Chile has keenly invested in social protection programs, middle- and low-income households remain susceptible to crises. Despite the significant improvement recorded over the past 20 years, public services and infrastructure are still out of reach for many Chileans. Furthermore, Inequality remains high in Chile. Despite considerable improvements in living standards in 2009, 15.1 percent of Chileans live below the poverty line while many millions survive unsteadily just above it. The annual income for the most of Chileans remains low. Income distribution is one of the most uneven in the world and there are few favourable circumstances for growing social mobility. Also little progress has been made in ensuring the equal distribution of wealth and the closure of income gaps. Despite strong economic growth and specific policies such as Chile solidarity, the income ratio among the highest and lowest incomes remained mostly unchanged between 1990 and 2009. The 20/20 ratio shows that the average income of the wealthiest 20 percent of Chileans was 12 times larger than that of the poorest 20 percent in 2009. The Gini Coefficient continued to be persistently high in 2009, at approximately 0.53, where the 10 percent of households with the highest income re ceived 46 percent of total income while the 20 percent with the lowest income received just 3.7 percent. Over all, although Chile does have a high level of inequality, Chile has largely avoided the distortions that often hamper growth in countries with similar levels of inequality. However, other understanding shows that the trade-off between efficiency and inequality is ever-present in public policy and cannot be avoided. An example is the minimum wage. Finally, growth itself helps in the implementation of good policies. Inequality is only one aspect of a countrys living conditions, and in a country with a fairly unchanged income distribution from 1998 to 2008, a period of doubling income per capita is also a period of doubling of the incomes of the poor. Indeed, the poverty rate in Chile declined over this period, from 45 percent of the population to 19 percent. This has allowed public policy to focus on easing poverty without creating significant distortions in economic growth. Although a countrys income distribution changes slowly, and no recipe for dramatic change in the distribution is available, growth can reduce the distortions that inequality imposes on policies and institutions. Additionally Chile must also redouble efforts to acquire foreign investment, which lately has been floating around $3 billion a year. The current governments efforts to lure cutting-edge industries, such as biotechnology and software, have tumbled, somewhat because the government refuses to offer the types of generous tax incentives that lured Intel Corporation (INTC ) to Argentina and Costa Rica. Chile has had more success with companies such as Eastman Kodak (EK ), Delta Air Lines (DAL ), and Unilever, which have established regional back-office operations and call centres in Santiago, tapping its modern, low-cost telecommunications infrastructure. More over for inspiration and ideas, Chile is looking to the efficient economies of New Zealand, Finland, Ireland, and Malaysia. Chiles congress recently permitted a special tax on mining profits earned as a result of current record-high prices and will feed the proceeds (around $US175 million) to researchers and companies developing and innovating technologies or processes that will diversify exports and boost productivity and efficiency. A public-private committee will select only projects that could be commercially profitable. The problem being that Chile has always had a low level of RD expenditure, and the increase since 2001 has been small compared with the East Asian countries, and even compared with the world average. The most recent data from the OECD show that Chile, with RD expenditure of 0.6 percent of GDP, spends less on RD than the average of a sample of developing countries (0.7 percent of GDP). Also the composition of RD in Chile is very different from what one typically finds in the rest of the world, which raises the question of whether that composition is efficient. In 2005 about 55 percent of Chilean RD expenditure was in basic science, as opposed to applied research. In the industrialized countries and in the East Asian countries, this share is generally between 10 and 20 percent. Nevertheless, Chile should try to increase its RD expenditure, and the additional spending should be devoted mainly to applied RD. Increased spending on RD would surely help the country grow faster. Finally the first trading partners a country should have are its neighbours. Distance, language, and culture should be the basis for integration into the world economy. Even when neighbouring Economies have similar structures; intra-industry trade can help to increase the basis for trade. Unfortunately, intraregional trade in Chile and Latin America is low and although it has increased in recent years, it remains comparatively low. Recent trade disputes such as the problems over natural gas with Argentina and Bolivia, have affected the Chilean economy. http://www.algor.com/news_pub/cust_app/marco/Truck%2021.jpghttp://www.flavourofwines.com/Grapes.jpghttp://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/326047/326047,1232551720,5/stock-photo-specific-architecture-where-poor-people-live-in-th-chile-mountains-in-valparaiso-23672302.jpg Q 3 Examine the impact and responses of this Economy undertaken by the government or specific industries to the challengers and/or opportunities presented by globalisation https://worldgeopost07.wikispaces.com/file/view/chile2.gif/31650489/chile2.gif Describe Provide characteristics and features Analyse Identify components and the relationship between them; draw out and relate implications Examine Inquire into http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:nLiQ3vcW5CgJ:web.worldbank.org http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/chile.html#ixzz1KOclJ2In Chile: Economy Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0857288.html#ixzz1JwAjQkzx

John Rawls’s The Law of Peoples :: John Rawls Law Peoples Essays

John Rawls’s The Law of Peoples From its beginnings, Edward Said's Orientalism (1978) has produced conflict in post-colonial studies. Does Professor Said’s theory suggest global implications and/or strategies as Culture and Imperialism (1993) argues? Or does the East of Orientalism belong only to the Middle East and particularly to Middle Eastern studies? Is there a monolithic "Othering" at work? Or do resistive pockets exist within Western imperial discourse? Perhaps the thorniest issue, however, concerns the stance from which to view global issues of imperialism and colonization. Ethical decisions—judgments, in a word—should play a large part in post-colonial theorizing and critiques. But on what basis can judgments be made? Where should accountability lie? And if there is accountability, how can it be enforced? Moreover, there has been a recent shift in the major players in the 21st century version of the Great Game. Said and Bhabha have, in characteristically fine ways, questioned the stability of the term â€Å"nation.† â€Å"National identity† may now be seen more as a â€Å"notional identity.† But does it matter any more? Does national identity even count? These questions come on the heels of global political reactions to global capitalist institutions (multinational corporations) and the global political institutions wholly owned and operated by them. By global capitalist institutions, I mean organizations like Bertelsmann, Aramco, Merck, Sony, Microsoft, Daimler-Benz, and so on. By global political institutions, I refer to the World Bank, the IMF, the WTO, and the various protectors of Intellectual Property. Imperialism and colonization must now be looked at in terms of these global institutions, rather than in political or even cultural terms. The dichot omies first world/third world, east/west, north/south, developed/underdeveloped do not hold the relevance they once had. There are thus two issues to be faced: first, how to establish a foundational basis for ethical judgments, and second, how to theorize resistance to the new economic imperialism which has changed rather radically from the old imperialism of nation-state or region and which has rendered Samuel Huntington’s â€Å"clashes of culture† obsolete. Critics of both of these situations must ask where to look for guiding principles upon which to base judgments within a global context. I want to avoid both the hegemonic â€Å"westernization† of democratic/capitalist values and the seemingly benign cultural relativism that avoids any standards of ethical or political judgment.

Alexander Shulgin

Ever sense my freshman year in high school, I have always expressed extreme interest in biochemistry and pharmacology. I believe this is because in the past, I have been prescribed many different antidepressant and ADHD medications. I was always very curious as to how these psychoactive medications worked. I would look them up and read all about the different types of antidepressants and how they worked. From selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRl's) to Norepinephrine- dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRl's).My fascination with different medications and ow they worked brought me to many different famous biochemists and chemical engineers, but there was one man who always stood out to me. A â€Å"rogue chemist,† named Alexander Shulgin. Sasha, as his friends call him, is widely famous for his discovery of over 230 different psychedelic drugs varying from the 2C family, DOX family, and various other phenethylamines & tryptamines. Even with such a gargantuan amount of accomp lishments, Shulgin is most famous for rediscovering and resynthesizing methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or as it is most commonly recognized as, MDMA.MDMA is a semi-synthetic drug first discovered some time before 1912. A german pharmaceutical company called Merck first discovered and patented this compound while searching for a medication that would stop bleeding. They never tested it orally, and therefore never found a real purpose for it. Decades later, on September 8, 1976, Sasha synthesized MDMA. Two years later, the first human study was published by Sasha and another chemist by the name of Dave Nichols. They described the effects as â€Å"an easily controlled altered state of consciousness with emotional and sensual overtones. When Sasha discovered its effects after ingestion, he introduced this compound to many psychiatrists, in order for them to allow patients to ingest a small dosage in order to help them speak more freely. The psychiatrists were so impressed by the effects of using MDMA in psychotherapy that they would speak to other colleagues. Word spread very quickly, and many people were astounded by how well it worked. Many patients were reported to have said that one session with an administered dosage of MDMA felt like years of therapy.As word got out about a drug that gave you empathy and self-acceptance, use of MDMA slowly became more public. Companies were mass producing this substance and selling it legally due to the fact that if users took a higher dosage, they would feel vast amounts of euphoria. As more reports of MDMA abuse were put in media, the DEA decided to schedule MDMA in the schedule one category. This means they had to prove that MDMA had a high potential for abuse while having no medicinal benefits.Many therapists challenged this idea, and after years of debate, MDMA was scheduled. I can only imagine how upset Shulgin could have been. He had found what was called â€Å"penicillin for the soul. † He had Just discovered a miracle drug capable of llowing a different outlook on life. It allowed patients to open up not only to others, but to themselves. He had heard so many reports from patients exclaiming how this therapy nad changed their lives and allowed them to diagnose their issues and even solve them.It is commonly said that MDMA could still be legal to this day if it had not been for the rave movement and ignorance of others. Sasha has not been shy about letting others know that he is very upset with the outcome of such a powerful medication, and for good reason. He has worked with the Drug Enforcement Administration many times and has eceived many awards for his work. In fact, in order to carry out consulting work with the DEA, Shulgin obtained a DEA Schedule I license for an analytical laboratory, which allowed him to possess and synthesize any illicit drug.Sasha set up a chemical synthesis laboratory in a small building behind his house, which he uses to synthesize and test the effects of p sychoactive drugs to this day. His laboratory is littered with Jars and Jars of various compounds with their chemical structure drawn on them, which he calls his dirty pictures. Over the course of this time, he has written nd recorded the synthesis of these various compounds in two different books titled PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and TIHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). He is working on his last book now.Even with his many accomplishments, Shulgin is in no way rich. His only source of income continues to be from the books he has published. He has never sold any of his substances or withheld information on how to synthesize certain compounds. His creations have only made their way to the streets through chemists in China who read through his books and notes and create these compounds in their laboratories o then export to the United States in a completely legal manner, as these drugs are almost completely unheard of and unclassified.As Sasha gets older, he suffers from many different ailments, and has no way to pay for them except through donations, which he has only recently started to accept. He lives a quiet, modest life with his wife and he refuses to conduct any more interviews. I understand why many people consider drugs a taboo subject. I am sure some people may even consider it inappropriate to discuss in a high school classroom, but l, Just like Alexander Shulgin and many others, find extreme interest in psychoactive ompounds and how they can affect our world.Without the study of the more extreme side effects of compounds, how we can expect to progress in our world of modern medicine? Just because a chemical can be abused, does not mean that we should probihibit not Just the possession of said compound, but also the study of it. We live in a world of fear and ignorance, and if we do not fght it, we will never progress. If Sasha has taught me anything, it is to fight for what I believe is morally correct, and I advise you a ll to do the same. Long live Alexander Shulgin and his dirty pictures.

The Effects of a Teachers Religion in the Classroom

Existing studies on Instructor's spiritual convictions and understanding concerning teaching either has failed to address an educator's alignment of his instructional practices and evaluation or has one it presumably. This paper provides a traditional literature review on the impact of a teacher's religion In the classroom. Keywords: teachers' beliefs, pedagogy, classroom practices Introduction Teachers' religion has been seen as a vital section that requires being tackled in the perspective of most educational modifications.This is particularly so when teachers are to aid students' learning in the classroom because a teacher's beliefs could affect his/her teaching practices. It is vital for teachers to comprehend the intricate association between their epistemic beliefs (beliefs concerning information ND learning), pedagogical beliefs (beliefs concerning teaching), and the manner in which the teaching contexts affect the endorsement of these beliefs. Teachers are not supposed to sup port or disparage some particular religions or not have any spiritual belief.Teachers are expected to be exceedingly perceptive to revere, and not impede, students' religious beliefs and practices by not interpolating personal perspectives or advocating those of some students (Chaw, 2010). The main aim of this study is to establish the degree to which teachers plan their classroom teaching and assessments so that they are geared toward their personal spiritual beliefs. An associated purpose is to establish whether learners perform better on their teachers' perspectives due to belief or on the state assessments if educators are compelled only to pursue a strict curriculum.The research question employed is: To what level are teachers' instructional activities focused on personal belief compared to concentrating on state assessments that are administered? Definition of Terms Pedagogy-for the present study, refers to the activity of training or teaching and the techniques applied to tea ch. Beliefs-in this study denotes the decisions and assessments that we make concerning ourselves, concerning others, and concerning the world surrounding us. They are individual beliefs founded on reasonable ways of thinking.Van Hover (2006) described beliefs to mean a set of perceptions and views that are installed in a person through his experiences and the overlaying of ideas throughout the learning courses. Educators' Beliefs- in the present study denotes the mindsets and ideals regarding training learners, and the learning process those educators bring to classrooms. They are the notions held by the educator in the instruction and learning process, which affect his classroom instructional performance. Classroom Practices-A group of instructional strategies and techniques of training utilized in the classroom.Van Hover (2006) described the interface between the educator and his learners to develop their cognitive and proficient experiences through the proper classroom administr ation, will power to instruct, and constant assessment to attain the preferred instructional goals. Literature Review This research is based on the idea that the individual instructor's spiritual beliefs e regarded as leading beliefs that educators affirm to be right and that function as lenses by which new experiences can be inferred.When people Judge something as right, they recognize information backing that conviction. What educators perform in the classroom is known to be controlled by what they trust, and these convictions habitually operate as sieves through which instructional decisions and choices are formed (Levin & He, 2008). A study has shown that educators have a huge range of complex spiritual convictions about educational matters. Accommodating the nature ND the theoretical function of these spiritual convictions is vital to comprehend the instructional preferences and Judgments that educators make.It has become extensively accepted that the educators' pedagogical con victions play a fundamental role in their instructional practices because these spiritual convictions are demonstrated in the training techniques, in selecting teaching subjects, decision- making, and formulation of class assessments (Levin & He, 2008). From the point of view of Levin and He (2008), the instructors' spiritual beliefs are depicted as being the cost imperative in the psychological constitution of the educator.They suppose that there is an urgent want to delineate the theory of educators' spiritual beliefs, while realizing that there is a complexity in distinguishing a comprehensible description of the spiritual beliefs because of the divergence of investigators' and scholars' opinions. These researchers observe that the convictions are a type of notions that envelop all issues that there is inadequate comprehension about, but that have sufficient faith to practice them.Sadler, Maraschinos, Shoemaker and Allows (2006) scribe spiritual beliefs in the education context a s the educator's spiritual contentions, and their perspectives on instruction and training. Conversely, other researchers perceive that the educators' beliefs are the holistic concept of a number of aspects connected to the beliefs about teaching and learning, the syllabus and the training career generally, and that such convictions outline the â€Å"education culture† that influences pedagogical goals and principles.Van Hover (2006) showed that an educator's spiritual convictions originate from three sources that encompass individual experiences of the educator in ordinary life and teaching, educator's experience as a learner, and the educator's knowledge from his religious affiliations. This experience, as said by Sadler et al. (2006), characterizes the attainment of the teaching career via direct examination because it presents the educators with information associated to the teaching career. It as well assists them in the development of particular theories regarding the w ay training should be.From the point of view of the traditional instructional study, the views and assumptions the educators obtain from this source may be regarded as an extremely strong control in impacting their instructional beliefs (Levin & He, 2008). Early educator spiritual condition studies concentrated on a set of features connected to school with the creation of educators' convictions, the organizational support, the mind-set of workmates, school climate, learners' capabilities and backgrounds, as well as the canons and guidelines that apply in a specific school.Sadler et al. (2006) recapitulated the outcomes of study on educators' religious convictions by mistreating that there is a strong correlation between religious convictions of educators and their design for training, teaching Judgments, and classroom profession play a vital role in the clarification of understanding and instructional behavior when Joining the teaching career. In his view, these religious beliefs ar e the most substantial aspects on which we can forecast the teaching behavior.Sadler et al. (2006), as well, articulates that educators' religious convictions have a strong impact on the teaching practices by changing those convictions into a practical actuality. Similarly, Van Hover (2006) perceives that educators' religious beliefs are a wealthy depot of knowledge that may influence teaching programs and ideas. There is a rising interest in examining the correlation between educators' religious convictions and their classroom instructional practices.Even though some research outcomes (Van Hover, 2006; Levin & He, 2008) have revealed that the educators' instructional practices were incoherent with their religious beliefs, some studies established that the educators' religious convictions played a significant part in the alignment and design of their classroom instruction and assessments. In the teaching profession, there is a rising need to review the traditional literature on the religious beliefs of the educators to recognize the aspects that influence their classroom practices.Beliefs and State Assessments It appears that the degree of epistemic beliefs demonstration relies mainly on what educators envisaged as their priorities with respect to objective attainment and their insight of students' willingness (Iridous & Morton, 2007). In this regard, it appears significant to modify the framework in which educators function if the forms based on state assessments are to begin. On this note, researchers have found out that it is not adequate for teachers to enhance improvement in teachers' beliefs.A favorable setting mutually generated by policy makers and stakeholders, such as the school leadership, has to be instituted for success of state assessments. Devoid of such a favorable environment, educators could opt to embrace traditional methods of teaching that work successfully only for passing of examinations and assessments. It is this optimism that leads to this study demonstrating a complex interplay between the beliefs of teachers and the success of state assessments, from a teacher's perspective.In spite of some considerable challenges with state assessments, the deep-seated mistake in such a move is the presumption that the presence of an excellent progression in the course of observation links to the academic achievement of learners. If the learning of students is the ultimate objective of state assessments, then it ought to be gauged directly and not being interpolated from inadequate observations of classroom teaching and teacher's beliefs.A reasonable advance to teacher assessment would entail an examination of the understanding of instructions, in addition to the outcomes of tutoring (Iridous & Morton, 2010). Nevertheless, the application of classroom reflection to promote teaching enhancement cannot be underestimated. The success of both students and teachers can be evaluated and illustrated by both understanding of instruct ions and The majority of teachers would concur that they are accountable for student learning, but the career as an entirety has avoided assessments anchored in measures of student learning (Ross & Gray, 2006).This at times is explained excellently, given the inequitable advances that have been recommended. Nonetheless, the solution is not to maintain traditional policies merely due to their being benevolent and comfortable, but instead to generate Just and rational ways of assessing teacher achievement with learners. A good number of school structures and teaching plans have discovered inventive means of attaining suitable and consistent information on student learning to inform the educator-assessment progression (Iridous & Winkle, 2010).Generating reasonable advances for the valuation of the success of teachers demands an unwavering glance at both the justifiable considerations that have propelled the prevention of outcomes direction in the past, and the potential capacities that lead to it being more gorgeous in the modern climate of enhanced responsibility for student learning results. Teachers' Instructional Activities To comprehend which prospective educators require learning, it is vitally significant to comprehend their beliefs and their personal characters that could aid in their associating beliefs and teaching.Tsar, Jessie Ho, Liana, and Line (2011) suggested that the beliefs of teachers are the foundation of the Judgments, practices, and activities that they make about in the progression of teaching and assessments because the belief systems of educators, their discernment, and examinations of best practices have a vital function in determining teaching performances. GÃ'Ëœr$m#k (2014) affirmed that learners take up teacher education plans with an array of beliefs concerning education, glasswork, and students emanating from their educational encounters.For example, teachers' beliefs concerning the significance of teaching as transferring a pre-esta blished tenet of knowledge from educator to learner could be n line with affirmations in relation to teachers' beliefs concerning the task of the learner, and the beliefs regarding the function of educators and the effects of a teacher's religion in the class. The beliefs of teachers generate a challenge to their operations aimed at advancing the functions of future teachers. The aforementioned challenge arises because in students' learning it is evident that it is more intricate to unlearn taught beliefs as compared to other beliefs.Educator's education-teaching processes are a monumental source of cognitive, psychological, and ethical advancement of learners. It is distinguished that teaching conducts, teaching techniques, administration policies, and learners' discernment of the learning atmosphere are associated with the learners' learning and generation of beliefs concerning themselves and other people. On this note, educators must adhere to a broad array of concerns and challe nges in the classroom (Tsar et al. , 2011).The outcomes of different studies illustrate that amid others, the greatest concern of educators and starting candidates is the administration of learners' conduct and learners' control. Teaching Method and Leadership Approach The Effect of Studies have shown a link involving the teaching methods of educators, the leadership approaches of school principals, and teachers' directions of student agreement with the general idea in research: teaching methods and custom of a school are closely linked to leadership approach and conduct.In this regard, after assessing the functions and operations linked to school principals and educators, Tsar et al. (2011) affirmed that the leadership approach extends all through the school and has an impact on the teachers' teaching methods. In a study that was carried out, the School Description Inventory (SD') was applied to twenty secondary school principals, 300 teachers, and 7,400 students to seek views of t he teaching methods and leadership approach.With the application of teachers' SAID responses, it was assumed that a positive association would exist between teaching methods of teachers, hierarchical conduct in leadership approach, and tutelary student control directions as recognized in the student management beliefs. The hypothesis of this study was proved as indicated by the Pearson correlation coefficients and with aspect to the different specific characteristics. The study concluded that the Pupil Control Ideology of public secondary school educators is tutelary in schools that are bureaucratic, and humanist in non- bureaucratic schools.In contrary, a transformational leadership approach promotes different attributes linked to humanist school customs. Such customs are in agreement with the Theory Y, where leaders see workers as self-induced, accountability-taking, and dependable. The interpretation of successful leadership with respect to democratic deliberation of teacher's co ncerns as evident in research ND the representation of humanist student control beliefs are consistent with the facilitation of confidence and strengthening dealings between educators and learners.A comprehensive empirical study of the effect of the school principals leadership approach on the learning atmosphere and the success of students was carried out by Tsar et al. (2011). The study used a varied sample of 2,800 students, 500 educators, and 25 school principals in 20 schools, in the United States. In this study, there were statistically significant indications in the learning atmosphere and n the success of students that were seen to be associated with the leadership approach of school principals.Even though studies affirm that the school learning atmosphere relies on the leadership approach, they also find a powerful trend for school principals to employ the supporter approach of leadership that has a sturdy direction in satisfying the requirements individuals and engaging pa rents and the society in the Judgment- making progression. In the present school leadership approaches, school principals are more probable of creating learning societies where the enlightenment of cheers happen in the course of the practices, actions, and associations.GÃ'Ëœr$m#k (2014) established that the perception of school principals as the only instructional directors makes the endowments of educators go underexploited. For schools to be self-governing, all-encompassing, and a successful society, the empowerment of teachers is vital and for this to be attained, the leadership approach has to be transformation. Studies also have affirmed that teachers start becoming causal, developing constituents of the learning setting when they are taken as partners in the progression.School principals who go beyond the hierarchy form of proficiency distinguish the proficiency in other people and guide in the transformation approach both teachers and school principals will be cognition trans missions. Conclusion As it appears, there are only a few teachers who have highly advanced epistemic beliefs. On this note, the teacher educators and other stakeholders should offer a chance for teachers to elucidate their beliefs. Teachers beliefs regarding teaching appeared to differ from knowledge attainment to knowledge creation.Moreover, it appears that the teachers' religion manifestation relies mainly on what their teachers leveled to be their priorities with respect to goal attainment and their knowledge of students' willingness. It thus appears significant to adjust the circumstance in which teachers function if teachers' belief-based efforts are to bear better fruit. A highly favorable learning environment mutually generated by the policy-makers and the school principals has to be established.Devoid of such a school environment, teachers could decide to take up traditional teaching methods that were only directed to passing of examinations and assessment rather than overal l betterment of students. This study has demonstrated the intricate interchange involving teachers' beliefs and their teaching perspectives from a teacher's viewpoint. In sum, it is significant for future studies to aim at discovering teachers who are capable of solving the tension between their beliefs and their teaching perspectives in any given environment and ensure their students' overall triumph.

Colonial Trade essays

Colonial Trade essays In the 17th and 18th centuries, Great Britain decided to make territorial claims in North America. To what extent, however, did they decide to control these colonies? To a partial extent were the American colonies controlled in the topics of commerce, and to a lesser extent as far as religion and colonial government. Commerce was restricted partially due to the Navigation Acts, but these were ignored through Salutary Neglect, while Religion remained untouched as many ethnic diverse groups were welcomed, and Colonial government controlled within through the power of the purse, but the Dominion of New England took that away. Commerce was controlled by the mother country to a partial extent. The policy of mercantilism, used to benefit the mother country, was designed to value exportation and import as little as necessary and therefore, the colonists were not allowed free trade and were limited to virtually one market, and under this such policy of mercantilism, the English passed the Navigation Acts to further limit the exportation possibilities of the colonies. Under this policy, certain goods had to be shipped through Great Britain before being shipped to foreign countries as well as having to be shipped on a British-owned ship (75%), so to collect export duties and later even going to limiting the competition of American cloth and iron manufactures. The Board of Trade was enacted to regulate these such laws and enforce them. However, it did very little and out of 8563 colonial laws that it reviewed from 1696-1776 and had only 469 of them disapproved. On the other end of the spectrum, Great Britain a lso followed the unspoken policy of Salutary Neglect at times to undermine such policies as mercantilism and the Navigation Acts. The policy allowed the colonies to be self-governing and didn't enforce the Navigation Acts thus allowing smugglers to compete in the market, but many found it more profitable to obey the commercial rules, whi...

Free Essays on Article Anylysis

Action Comprehension In reading the article titled, Action Comprehension, by Patric Bach, GÃ ¼nther Knoblich, & Wolfgang Prinz, I learned about action comprehension. I learned that the assumption of common event representations bears powerful explanatory potential to address important issues in action comprehension. By action comprehension I mean all processes that are involved in parsing sequences of actions and extracting meaning from them. The ultimate goal of this project was to find out whether the comprehension of action sequences relies on action-related structures. The rationale behind this claim is that common event representations might become organized into larger script-like chunks without becoming detached from the motor system. This would make action-related information readily available to support the analysis of the meaning of action sequences. As a single word can be meaningful or meaningless in the context of a sentence, a single action can be meaningful or meaningless in the context of an action sequence. Moreover, as grammatical rules impose constraints on the order syntactic types in a sentence, action rules impose constraints on the order of actions in an action sequence. In order to test whether a similar pattern is found for action comprehension, they developed an experimental model based on the game rock, paper, and scissors. The task was to detect violations of syntax, semantics, or both. By measuring the time it takes to detect different types of errors under different conditions one can determine whether the syntax and semantics of action sequences are processed in parallel and automatically and whether the syntactic analysis is faster than the semantic analysis. A series of experiments demonstrated that all of the above said is the case. Hence, the pattern of results for action comprehension is quite similar to that observed in sentence comprehension.... Free Essays on Article Anylysis Free Essays on Article Anylysis Action Comprehension In reading the article titled, Action Comprehension, by Patric Bach, GÃ ¼nther Knoblich, & Wolfgang Prinz, I learned about action comprehension. I learned that the assumption of common event representations bears powerful explanatory potential to address important issues in action comprehension. By action comprehension I mean all processes that are involved in parsing sequences of actions and extracting meaning from them. The ultimate goal of this project was to find out whether the comprehension of action sequences relies on action-related structures. The rationale behind this claim is that common event representations might become organized into larger script-like chunks without becoming detached from the motor system. This would make action-related information readily available to support the analysis of the meaning of action sequences. As a single word can be meaningful or meaningless in the context of a sentence, a single action can be meaningful or meaningless in the context of an action sequence. Moreover, as grammatical rules impose constraints on the order syntactic types in a sentence, action rules impose constraints on the order of actions in an action sequence. In order to test whether a similar pattern is found for action comprehension, they developed an experimental model based on the game rock, paper, and scissors. The task was to detect violations of syntax, semantics, or both. By measuring the time it takes to detect different types of errors under different conditions one can determine whether the syntax and semantics of action sequences are processed in parallel and automatically and whether the syntactic analysis is faster than the semantic analysis. A series of experiments demonstrated that all of the above said is the case. Hence, the pattern of results for action comprehension is quite similar to that observed in sentence comprehension....

Forest Surveying Methods to Find Forest Boundaries

Forest Surveying Methods to Find Forest Boundaries With the advent of public use of geographic positioning systems and the availability of aerial photographs (Google Earth) for free over the internet, forest surveyors now have extraordinary tools available to do make accurate surveys of forests. Still, along with these new tools, foresters also depend on time-tested techniques to reconstruct forest boundaries. Remember that professional surveyors have traditionally established nearly all original landlines but landowners and foresters have a need to retrace and reestablish lines which either disappear or become difficult to find as time passes. A Fundamental Unit of Horizontal Measurement: The Chain The fundamental unit of horizontal land measurement used by foresters and forest owners is the  surveyors or Gunters chain  (Buy from Ben Meadows) with a length of 66 feet. This metal tape chain is often scribed into 100 equal parts which are called links. The important thing about using the chain is that it is the preferred unit of measure on all public U.S. Government Land Survey maps (mostly west of the Mississippi River), which include millions of mapped acres charted in sections, townships and ranges. Foresters prefer using the same system and units of measure that were originally used to survey most forest boundaries on public land. A simple calculation from chained dimensions to acres is the reason the chain was used in the initial public land survey and the reason it is still so popular today. Areas expressed in square chains can be easily converted to acres by dividing by 10 - ten square chains equals one acre! Even more attractive is that if a tract of land is a mile square or 80 chains on each side you have 640 acres or a section of land. That section can be quartered again and again to 160 acres and 40 acres. One problem using the chain universally is that it was not used when land was measured and mapped in the original 13 American colonies. Metes and bounds (basically physical descriptions of trees, fences, and waterways) were used by colonial surveyors and adopted by owners before the public lands system was adopted. These have now been replaced by bearings and distances off permanent corners and monuments. Measuring Horizontal Distance There are two preferred ways foresters measure horizontal distance - either by pacing or by chaining. Pacing is a rudimentary technique that roughly estimates a distance while chaining more accurately determines distance. They both have a place when determining horizontal distance on forested tracts. Pacing is used when a quick search for survey monuments/waypoints/points of interest might be useful but when you dont have the help or time to carry and drop a chain. Pacing is more accurate on moderate terrain where a natural step can be taken but can be used in most situations with practice and the use of topographic maps or aerial photo maps. Foresters of average height and stride have a natural pace (two steps) of 12 to 13 per chain. To determine your natural two-step pace: pace the 66-foot distance enough times to determine your personal average two-step pace. Chaining is a more exact measurement using two people with a 66-foot steel tape and a compass. Pins are used to accurately determine the count of chain length drops and the rear chainman uses the compass to determine the correct bearing. In rough or sloping terrain, a chain has to be held high off the ground to level position to increase accuracy. Using a Compass to Determine Bearings and Angles Compasses come in many variations but most are either handheld or mounted on a staff or tripod. A known starting point and a bearing are necessary for beginning any land survey and finding points or corners. Knowing local sources of magnetic interference on your compass and setting the correct magnetic declination is important. The compass most used for forest surveying has a magnetized needle mounted on a pivot point and enclosed in a waterproof housing that has been graduated in degrees. The housing is attached to a sighting base with a mirrored sight. A hinged mirror lid allows you to look at the needle at the same moment you site your destination point. The graduated degrees displayed on a compass are horizontal angles called bearings or azimuths and expressed in degrees ( °). There are 360: azimuth of 240 ° bearing of S60 °W and so on. One thing to remember is that your compass needle always points to magnetic north, not true north (the north pole). Magnetic north can change as much as -20 ° in North America and can significantly affect compass accuracy if not corrected (especially in the North East and far West). This change from true north is called magnetic declination and the best survey compasses have an adjustment feature. These corrections can be found on isogonic charts provided by this U.S. Geological Survey download. On reestablishing or retracing property lines, all angles should be recorded as the true bearing and not the declination corrected bearing. You need to set the declination value where the north end of the compass needle reads true north when the line of sight points in that direction. Most compasses have a graduated degree circle that can be turned counterclockwise for east declination and clockwise for west declination. Changing magnetic bearings to true bearings is slightly more complicated as declinations must be added in two quadrants and subtracted in the other two. If there is no way to set your compass declination directly, you can mentally make an allowance in the field or record magnetic bearings and correct later in the office.

Child Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Child Obesity - Essay Example Child obesity has become an epidemic extending past the United States’ borders into many other countries, particularly those with developed economies. The condition is usually caused by consuming foods rich in fats and calories, lack of exercise, genetic susceptibility, and few instances of genetic factors, medications, or illnesses. The proposed solutions for reducing childhood obesity discussed in this research paper are dieting and physical exercises. Dieting, or good nutrition, involves not only eating the recommended number of servings from all food groups, but also parents teaching children about healthy foods and ensuring the children practice what they are taught. By taking in a balanced diet, children will limit consumption of foods that contain high amounts of fats and hence reduce the likelihood of being obese. Physical exercises will result into burning of calories and hence reduce the amounts of excess fats stored in the body. If unchecked, the number of overweigh t children and adults will increase tremendously in the world. Consequently, many children growing into adulthood will be exposed to risks of developing hypertension, respiratory ailments, orthopedic problems, depression and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and accounts for more than 80% of all cases of diabetes in the US (Mokdad et al. 78). Its cause is mainly attributed to obesity. If childhood obesity is not adequately, many children and adolescents worldwide will suffer from obesity-related complications. Overweight children have a 70 percent chance of becoming overweight or obese as they grow into adolescent and eventually adults. This value rises to 80 percent if either one or both parents are overweight or obese. Obesity in middle or old age increases the risks of diabetes, hypertension, and general poor health, hence, it is important that it is addressed at infantile or juvenile level. Solutions to Child Obesity One of the most effective w ays of reducing obesity among all age groups is physical activities and healthy eating. By engaging in physical exercise, children will be able to eliminate excess fats in the body as they are burned through the process producing energy. Researchers have found a large correlation between physical inactivity and obesity among children. Besides, children who are physically inactive have a high likelihood of being inactive as adults, implying that persons who suffer from obesity as children may continue to be obese even as adults. Failure to engage in physical exercise leaves unused carbohydrates in the body which is subsequently converted to fats and stored in the body. The excess fats accumulate in the body and eventually lead to obesity. Children fail to exercise due to a number of reasons. Most of them spend their free time watching television, playing video games or using computers. While these activities may improve cognitive abilities of the children, they also result into non-a ctivity resulting into accumulation of fats in the body and consequently leading to obesity. Children must be encouraged to partake in physical activity at an early age to reduce their chances of being obese. On the other hand, through healthy eating, a child is able to balance the intake of various minerals in the body. Basically, healthy

Identity theft and business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Identity theft and business ethics - Essay Example can be of negative impact to the business and the methods that can be used to control and prevent risks that may arise from such business ethical issues. Identity theft has been identified as one of the ethical dilemmas facing many business enterprises and organizations. This refers to the invasion to the privacy of information systems by malicious persons who acquire information that is supposed to be confidential and use it for their own benefit or to cause malicious damage to the integrity of the business (Angelopoulou et al 2005 p 78). This information can be used to defraud the owner of the information or it can be availed to competitors or the press, an occurrence that can cause serious financial and integrity damage. Identity theft in itself is a crime and is punishable by law with not less than 15 years imprisonment in the US. According to statistics, the year 1995 recorded the highest number of arrests in the US amounting to approximately 95% of the total arrests which were related to identity theft (Angelopoulou et al 2005 p 77).This prompted the government to enact the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998 which was aimed at controlling the vice that was rated by the FBI as the nation’s fastest growing crime. There are various types of identity theft that include and not limited to; credit card fraud, phone fraud, document, loan and bank fraud etc (Angelopoulou et al 2005 p 80). It is therefore necessary for everyone to be aware of the various forms of identity theft so as to avoid the repercussions which may arise and also to be able to refrain from conducting activities that may expose one to the risks. This ethical dilemma has been increasing due to the various businesses incorporation and embracing of technology, which has made it easier for the criminals to conduct their operations. One way through which identity theft is being accomplished is by hacking of information systems (Angelopoulou et al 2005 p 82). Hackers are

Critical Assessment of Two Music Reviews about 1 CD Term Paper

Critical Assessment of Two Music Reviews about 1 CD - Term Paper Example In her review, Feller recognized ‘The Pursuit’ under an aesthetic criteria based on how Jamie Cullum was able to improvise with the chosen original compositions and her critique feels that Cullum made his own version direct a totally unique course so the music, as in Cole Porter’s ‘Just One of Those Things’ comes out familiar yet strangely phenomenal. The article reflects a cheerful acknowledgment of the ways pop, Broadway, R&B, hip hop, club jams, and classics become ingredients that dish up the album in the fashion Jamie would prefer to give shape to his own rendition of a few covers whose chief elements have not neglected to show their origins even as Cullum placed them on his special diversion (Feller). As such, Feller acclaims ‘I’m All Over It’ which to her sounds both heavy and energetic with piano and drums respectively, so much so that the sad content of the lyrics overpowers and brings a notice less significant than instrument work. According to her, this establishes a good introduction of the musician’s profile and personal selection while ‘Wheels’ was made for the audience to be insightful about the apocalypse in which the abrupt pacing with the piano play makes the lyrical turn highly volatile to affect a listener’s mood with progressive wildness. ‘You and Me are Gone’ in the same manner passed the reviewer’s scrutiny as she takes delight in sounds that pull off the swing in the typical 1940s setting and dance attitude at the time. There even is a point when a jazz waltz by tradition melts with songs that are rather expected to comprise the atmosphere in a chill out lounge. More uplifting remarks are given to ‘Mixtape’ which is a track that’s presumably competent of implying to the audience what ‘The Portrait’ is made of, as in the touch of an inner impression such album ought to be planned by the composer. Within pop tune, Sally’s assessment speaks of a collection that

Process improvement plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process improvement plan - Essay Example Any company or person operating a business needs the best operational processes to avoid time and resource wasting to ensure maximization of profit. Steps in attaining this process should be identified and recorded according to their performance. It should be noted that proper data collection will enhance effective data analysis towards improving the quality of data management. In a span of 5 weeks, cash flow was recorded showing all the processes involved during the day and the time it takes for each step. Metrics were established towards creating a flowchart that recorded the entire process that was created. According to the data, the process began on Monday and lasted for a period of five weeks. Metrics of the outcome was used to determine the control limits, intervals, and seasonal effects. Process Boundaries Process boundaries is usually established where a process begins and ends with input and output. The process of depositing many is sub-divided into: handing the cash flow pa ttern from the facility to the bank, ensuring figures indicated are of true reflection of the business activities, signing the form, heading to the bank, being served by the relations manager, confirmation of the deposit slip by the manager, head back to the firm and final preparation of the next day`s work. Therefore, this activities constitutions a process boundary since it began and ended and also has input and output. process configuration process metrics A metric is a measure that allows the project team or individual to evaluate various performance constraints within a process; hence, ensuring that monitoring can be done on the processes to check the quality and effectiveness (Guha & Kettinger, 1993). Control limits and processes metric will be used to guide the process improvement plan. The metric used to measure the process's flow was the time flow metrics. This test measures the alignment of the time allocated for each stage with the factors that may disrupt the flow of the process. In order to run a business successfully, it is important to know what is going on with the financial aspect of the business and make sure there is appropriate cash flow. Daily routine is heavily affected by Traffic jams, this cause interruption; 0On the other hand, driving to the bank and from the bank will also a factor to both processes. A process can be delayed if the owner wants to set up a meeting with other workers under his supervision, checking and proper clearance of account books to see if there are missing details. These factors disrupt the time schedule as allocated to each phase. (Wood, 1999) After a successful collection of the data needed the upper control limit, lower control limit, mean and standard deviation were computed. The mean is the average on record of the partaker`s action time. . The mean is from the data given is 93.75 Class limits Frequency Class limits Class limits-mean F2 80-89 2 84.5 -9.25 171.125 90-99 17 94.5 0.75 9.5625 100-109 0 104.5 10 .75 0 110-119 4 114.5 20.75 1722.25 120-129 1 124.5 30.75 945.5625 Standard deviation =2, 838.5/25= 10.89 Accepted mean = (25+10+15+10+30) = 90 minutes The accepted mean from the table is 90 minutes improved performance In the whole process to improve, the owner needs to understand the current state of the process and where he wants them to be in the future. Even if the process is

Discussion Post 2 - Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Post 2 - Comparative Advantage - Essay Example However, if the research is based on structural advantages and trends in data, then, Los Angeles will emerge as the next Silicon Valley (Redmond, 2012). According to various sources, Los Angeles has built momentum over the last three years. In fact, Los Angeles has established a tough foundation for emerging as the next hub for technology entrepreneurship. On the other hand, states like New England and Southern California, also pose a powerful probability of becoming the next Silicon Valley. In 1995, Southern California attracted up to $1.3 million while Silicon Valley and New England attracted $1.8 million and $0.8 million of business enterprise capital investment (Redmond, 2012). Later on, in 1999, the internet had attracted other entrepreneurs in the regions hence, increasing the investments. In this period, New England also managed to grow rapidly as compared to South California. In the past five years, New York and Southern California have substantially increased their investments. These locations have boosted three crucial structural merits. These structural advantages include significant technical talent, capital availability and entrepreneurship culture. Los Angeles has developed in terms of technical talent that is attributed by the heritage of engineering and technical innovation. Most of the tertiary institutions in Los Angeles are producing more graduates in the technical field. Furthermore, the country is also attracting more learners across the world to join the technical studies (Redmond, 2012). In fact, most of the government funds are directed to invest in entertainment and media facilities. The most exemplary example in this case is the presence of Google in the country, which has a substantial focus on the technical sector. Los Angeles has also been influenced by strong investors who are partnering with the entrepreneurs in the country in order to build technology companies. The entrepreneurs in Los Angeles have a

Maslow and behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Maslow and behaviour - Essay Example Once these are met, then they provide a foundation for attaining a higher level of motivation that are based on the basic ones. For instance, after an individual achieves his or her safety and physiological needs, then they would be more inclined into belonging and finding acceptance among their peers and other groups that they identify with. Contrary to the mode of study done by Freud and B.F Skinner, Maslow opted to study successful and accomplished individuals such as Eleanor Roosevelt, Albert Einstein, and Fredrick Douglas. Walking through any institution of higher learning such as a college would open ones eye to the striking difference in the students of any one institution. Some of the glaring difference is evident in the health, confidence, and living conditions. However, it is apparent that all the students have needs. Therefore, it is necessary for individuals needs to be identified so that they can be met. This is why initial diagnostic assessment is so important. It is also essential to assess whatever has been put in place to check its suitability for purpose. Regular tracking and monitoring will enable the effectiveness to be measured and any necessary adjustments to be done. Deficiency needs are the first four levels of needs within the hierarchy. These needs must be satisfied before the person is motivated to be able to move to the higher levels. Once a deficiency need has been met the drive or desire to meet that need lessons. For example, you were hungry and could not concentrate on your lesson. You would feel quite differently once you had eaten and would be able to re-engage with your lesson. Having a small group i.e., eight students enables me to work closely with each and develop strong home-college links allowing me to notice if there are deficiency issues and respond accordingly. For example by helping families to access benefits so that they can pay

Discussion Post 2 - Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Post 2 - Comparative Advantage - Essay Example However, if the research is based on structural advantages and trends in data, then, Los Angeles will emerge as the next Silicon Valley (Redmond, 2012). According to various sources, Los Angeles has built momentum over the last three years. In fact, Los Angeles has established a tough foundation for emerging as the next hub for technology entrepreneurship. On the other hand, states like New England and Southern California, also pose a powerful probability of becoming the next Silicon Valley. In 1995, Southern California attracted up to $1.3 million while Silicon Valley and New England attracted $1.8 million and $0.8 million of business enterprise capital investment (Redmond, 2012). Later on, in 1999, the internet had attracted other entrepreneurs in the regions hence, increasing the investments. In this period, New England also managed to grow rapidly as compared to South California. In the past five years, New York and Southern California have substantially increased their investments. These locations have boosted three crucial structural merits. These structural advantages include significant technical talent, capital availability and entrepreneurship culture. Los Angeles has developed in terms of technical talent that is attributed by the heritage of engineering and technical innovation. Most of the tertiary institutions in Los Angeles are producing more graduates in the technical field. Furthermore, the country is also attracting more learners across the world to join the technical studies (Redmond, 2012). In fact, most of the government funds are directed to invest in entertainment and media facilities. The most exemplary example in this case is the presence of Google in the country, which has a substantial focus on the technical sector. Los Angeles has also been influenced by strong investors who are partnering with the entrepreneurs in the country in order to build technology companies. The entrepreneurs in Los Angeles have a

Teeces Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Teeces Model - Essay Example This study highlights that Eurocopter is one organisation that applies this model to enhance its dynamic capabilities hence this essay seeks to explain the different steps in the model with regards to applicability to the organisation’s operations. From this discussion it is clear that it is imperative that the organisation should first sense the opportunity from the environment in order to develop its dynamic capabilities. Sensing refers to the ability to scan and create an opportunity from the environment and it also refers to the organisation’s ability to learn and interpret those opportunities. The sensing stage is mainly comprised of four elements namely: processes to direct internal R&D and also select the new technology, processes to tap the external development in technology, processes to exploit the innovation from supplier and complementor as well as the processes to target the market segment and managing customer needs and innovations. As far as the processes to direct internal R & D and new technology are concerned, it can be noted that Eurocopter internally perceives the opportunity on the blade business. The blades often require to be repaired as they form a very important aspect in the life of the helicopt er hence Eurocopter finds this as a big opportunity in the blade business if they can increase competency in terms of blade business processes which may include design, manufacturing and maintenance of composite rotor blades, propellers, turbine blades as well as other issues related to repairs. Under the strategic alliance the organisation collaborates with many external partners given that it strongly believes that these parties will help it to improve its innovativeness on the blades. It also has a joint manufacturing project with the other companies such as Kawasaki.

Internet: How It Changes Traditional Marketing

Internet: How It Changes Traditional Marketing Nowadays, the technology and telecommunication are non-stop developing. These developments lead to the changes of different sectors in different industries. The appearance of search engines such as Google, Yahoo or shopping online with eBay, Amazon is gradually changing the customer shopping trend and it also changes the marketing models to E-marketing instead of Traditional marketing models. The posed question is what E-marketing is all about. According to one of the most famous Marketing authors, Philip Kotler, Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. In other words, marketing is not only the activities to make products come closer to customers, it also creating the awareness of customer about the products, stimulate the purchase, consolidate positive feeling, keep tracking customer complain to adapt the products in order to best suit the customers tastes. E-marketi ng is an element of marketing. The prefix e in eMarketing is considered as electronic. E-marketing uses electronic devices such as computer with Internet, interactive ness or mobile marketing channels. to understand completely about E-marketing matter, lets delve into this topic. II. Critical impact of Internet and the difference between traditional and E-marketing: As well as traditional marketing, eMarketing does all things of marketing but in the electronic sectors. However, traditional marketing has some disadvantages that eMarketing can surmount and improve them. Talking about traditional marketing methods, the first names which are considered immediately will be advertisement on the press, radio, TV or publication. Marketing by ads on newspaper has appeared for a long time and still exists. Although that is a long-standing model of marketing but it has some disadvantages that can be easy to list. A newspaper is updated everyday and information will be the same. It means that all the information of a yesterday newspaper will be old and it can not be the trend if its information is not updated. If a company puts their advertisement on a newspaper, it will be valuable or has validity in the day when that newspaper is published. To refresh and make their advertisement still be closer and attracts customer, the company must to pay more for the updated and keep the place of advertisement on newspaper which they has paid for it before. Thus, today, many companies choose eMarketing as their main marketing strategy instead of traditional marketing like the years ago. Take an example of Tokyo hair salon Mano Mano. For an advertisement on Tuoi Tre newspaper with full page and the text of their promotion al programs , Mano Mano must to pay more than 3 million VND but it just exist for 1 day. To appear on Tuoi Tre again with the same position, Mano Mano must to pay again, at the same price. Now, they change their mind and choose www.tuoitre.com.vn with advertisement section to put their advertisement. Although the space for their ad is not the full site of the web but it appears in customer first look. Obviously, the cost for this marketing method is decreased significantly. Furthermore, Mano Mano ad is available 24/7, a thing that traditional marketing can not do. The next popular method of traditional marketing is Radio. In 198 0s, 1990s, radio is one of the most favorite entertaining channels of human. Based on that, businesses chose radio to do marketing was very commonly used. Among the programs, stations broadcasted the advertisement of products from any industries such as cuisine, fashion, technology, etc. However, like the press, radio programs and advertisement on radio was just one day information and need to be updated. This changing leads to the changing of cost. Companies paid too much for their marketing plan. Nowadays, radio is replaced by audio and podcast. Besides, TV is the most popular device to put advertisement on and it can make products com closest to customer. Thus, the price to make ad on TV is extreme high. Instead of choosing TV, businesses can choose video files to introduce their products and it will be shown on the websites and of course, companies do not need to pay much. The advantage of this method is help businesses to reach closer to clients and also help producer to worldw ide their market and potential clients, also. Take example of Vietnam Idol program. This is the Vietnamese version of the very famous program from USA, American Idol. Although Vietnam Idol appeared the first time 3 years ago but organizer still does marketing as best as possible. They made the clip in their own way and put it on the popular website. Beside the main website, www.vietnamidol.com.vn, the organizer also buys the space in the entertaining websites which have the high turn of accession in Vietnam such as www.mp3.zing.vn , www.24h.com.vn or in the most famous networking in Vietnam, Facebook. The other example is YourSingapore.com. This is the website of Singapore Tourism Board which supplies all information and news about Singapore tourism with so many functions for customer to choose. Like Vietnam Idol, this website choose Facebook to reach closer to global customer. In customer side, eMarketing or marketing online helps them to search their favorite products faster and m ore exactly. As mentioned above, internet development has lead to the appearance of search engines that Google is the best evidence ever. Google is known as the best website for searching information in any sectors. People go online and type google.com for news, global financial news and of course, the products. It is the fastest way to look for the interesting goods. To satisfy this practice of customer, almost the companies, suppliers or producers have their own website to do eMarketing for their goods for products. Besides, they also put advertisements on the other websites which have a good accession to promote their products. This is the good way for companies to reach to customer. With these argument, it is easy to see the advantages of eMarketing. It can help companies control the exact number of customer who interest in their products by checking the number of visitor. In addition, companies can also get information about customers ability to pay for a product or their behav ior to upcoming product. Furthermore, eMarketing support companies to make surveys easily and based on that, companies can get customer information, interests and comments that can help them to improve their product. The companies can control the attractiveness customer easily and also ensure business running. Therefore, eMarketing has changed the traditional marketing of companies and also changed the habit of customer. III. E-marketing and Segmentation: Discuss about the segmentation that Internet can change the traditional marketing in the aspect of, as mentioned above; Internet has changed the trend of choosing and purchasing of customer. However, it does not mean that everybody will use Internet as their engine to find the products or services information. It depends on geographic and demographic of consumer. With customers, who live and work in urban areas, using Internet to search and purchase goods is the best way for them to save their time and their money, also. In the developed countries such as USA, Japan or EU, internet marketing is commonly used and people has accustomed with searching online for their interested goods. Based on that, doing E-marketing in the developed countries is the smart choice for companies to enlarge their market and make their products reach customer. Take example of E-marketing in USA. This is the country which is known as one of the powerful countries in the world. With the developed economy and technological development in USA, E-marketing seems to be an important method in doing marketing. The famous website and the large number of customer around the world that can be listed as eBay Corp. at www.ebay.com , Wikipedia at www.wikipedia.com or tourism in USA at www.USAtourism.com can be the best evidences for E-marketing is this country. Although marketing on Internet is very common in the world but there are some countries, where people do not how to use computer, still exist and Bangladesh is an example. Known as a country which has the third Islam in the world and the economy is under-developed. With the per capita income in 2008 was US$520 compared with US$10,200 of the worlds average, it can be recognized easily that almost people who live here have the low livings (Wikipedia, 2010). Because of those low livings, people do not have ability to have the general idea about purchasing online or marketing on Internet. With Bangladesh people, before purchasing a product or u sing a service, they must to try it first and if it satisfies their needs, they will decide to choose it then. Thus, to the companies in Bangladesh, doing E-marketing will be the worst method and they can not do that. Although not all Bangladeshi can not use computer and online services but the number of people who can do they is small and it just happens in the head offices. Thus, E-marketing will not develop in the countries like Bangladesh. Those arguments above are concerned with geographic and now will be the concerns with demographic of consumer. Depends on the age, gender or income, customer will have different identifications and behaviors about marketing online. Normally, consumers who are younger will be interested in learning about favorite online and shopping online than older. In young peoples opinions, internet can support them to search all details of goods faster and the information is updated. Beside that, with younger people, who are living in the developing times, time is very important and all they want to do is must convenient for them to save their time, as much as possible. In other words, with Internet, young people just need to stay in their place, take the mouse and make a search for the term that they interest, then, burdensome of information will appear. They just click and buy, and after that, the goods will be delivered. Customer may be charged the shipping fee or not depends on the location. Unlike to young people, the older has the different idea that internet just show the general information about product. After deciding to purchase one kind of goods, they will go to the store, take a look and touch directly to their interested product and try it on. If it works well and satisfies all their needs, they will buy it. In other words, the older want to choose the product directly that they ensure it will not have any mistakes in general. Besides the age, different gender can make different behavior to E-marketing. Almost the men l ike gadget and digital equipments. These goods are updated and almost of them are advertised on internet that their loyal and potential customer can get the updated information or updated of products. In other side, women, their interest is all about fashion and with this item, customer must to touch directly and try it on their bodies to get the exact and perfect product for them. Women go online and search for the new trends or prestige tailor or fashion designer that they can get the gorgeous ones from. Therefore, to the men, internet can help them to find out and purchase the best products ever but, to women, its just the engine to get information only. IV. E-marketing and Targeting: With the things have just been mentioned above, its easy to see the target of E-marketing or marketing on Internet will focus on the objects which are the younger customers, customers who have the income from middle level, officers and people who do not have enough time to go real shopping. V. E-marketing and Differentiation: Differentiation is how companies make the difference among the competitors. With the support from Internet, many companies build the website for their own. Making differentiation is the action that concerns with products, services, personnel, channel and image. To impress customer who visit website, companies must to give them alternative as much as possible that they can make decision. Besides, companies must give customer the attractive price of products or packages that they can make comparison with other competitors. The more customization the website has, the more different they are. VI. E-marketing and Positioning: Mentioning about the positioning of companies when using E-marketing, it is how they embed their brand in customers mind. Take Apple as evidence. With the very famous products such as iPod after generations, iPhone, Mac or iTunes, Apple has the numerous customer for its own. There are three reasons why Apple can do that. They are well-known with high technological products and services; the innovation in digital devices and user friendly products. Therefore, whenever a new product of Apple is upcoming, it always receives the best attention of customer ever. Today, Apple has its own position in customers mind and its always the first choice in some decisions of customer. VII. E-marketing and Product: With the convenience of E-marketing is the function of leaving comments of customer, companies can learn more from customer comments and then, they can improve their products to be better. In other side, with using E-marketing, companies can support their customer to taste the new products via betas or trials. Take example of Advance Device Lock Pro. This is a software product to protect mobile device from hackers or make them be safe with passwords. This software appeared a couple year ago it has attracted more customers. For people who know about this software for the first and interest to try, Advance Device Lock Pro will give them trial version in 7 days that customer can try it free in those days. After 7 days, if customer is interested in this software, they will pay about à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬15 to have full version. Furthermore, E-marketing can help companies to have the multiview about customer needs, and based on that, the new products will be appeared to satisfy all customer tas tes VIII. E-marketing and Price: In traditional marketing, companies must to pay much for overheads like store, transportation, delivery or maintenance cost, etc. If using E-marketing instead of traditional marketing, companies can save lots of money. Take example of hotel booking online. With the customers information on booking online, hotels can manage the quantity of coming customer and they can be proactive in coordination of staffs, foods and the others. In other aspect, E-marketing support hotels compare their prices to the competitors. Ho Tram Beach Resort is a 4-star resort which is located in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province. In their website at www.hotramresort.com , room rate for a Sea View Suit is US$ 303 and customer can book room immediately after checking the rate. However, the price will be discounted a little bit if customer call directly to resorts reception. The point is, the rate on website is competitive price with other resort in same location. Thus, customer can check and compare the price among comp etitors. The competitive and attractive price combine with the impressive design and services will be the plus point for Ho Tram Beach Resort in customers mind. IX. E-marketing and Distribution and CRM: The kind of online products as E-books, E-consult, E- learning or software reach the world wide in accepted conditions such as politic, technology and infrastructure. In CRM aspect, E-marketing helps companies adjust their marketing offering fit to customer individual need. Moreover, it can understand the changing taste of customer, and then, prepare to launch the new products. Take Amazon.com as an example. This is the world wide retailer with numerous brand names and million accession everyday. To purchase goods on www.amazon.com , customer should sign in so they can receive the recommendation to your choice. By signing in, www.amazon.com can know which product their customers are most interested in. If customer has changed their interest, Amazon.com can also manage that and give them the suit recommendation for them. X. Conclusion: Technological development which specific is internet has not only changed a issue but also the whole world. The appearance of internet and Marketing on internet, E-marketing, has changed a habit in selling and purchasing. Although some disadvantages still exist but E-marketing has contributed to the global economic development and its also the bridge between customer and companies and make them reach closer.

Compare racial and cultural struggles in Alice Walker’s The Color Essay

Compare racial and cultural struggles in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple as well as Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. In African-American texts, blacks are seen as struggling with the patriarchal worlds they live in order to achieve a sense of Self and Identity. The texts I have chosen illustrate the hazards of Western religion, Rape, Patriarchal Dominance and Colonial notions of white supremacy; an intend to show how the protagonists of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple as well as Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, cope with or crumble due to these issues in their struggle to find their identities. The search for self-identity and self-knowledge is not an easy task, even more so when you are a black woman and considered a mule and a piece of property. Providing an in depth analysis of these texts, this essay attempts to illustrate how both of these Afro-American writers depict and resolve their respective protagonists’ struggles. Religion is believed by many to serve as a means to achieving or finding self or identity. However, in the Euro-influenced Christian religion especially, directly after ‘finding one’s self’, one is called to deny one’s self in the name of a white ‘God’. ‘Humble yourself and cast your burdens to God’ they say, for ‘He will make all wrongs right’. Logically however, one must ask†¦what interest does the white God (who is especially portrayed in Afro-American writings such as The Color Purple and The Bluest Eye as a further extension of Patriarchal values) have in black people? Moreso, if the Christian bible is so heavily influenced by white man, what interest does the God it portrays have in black women? In The Color Purple, Celie’s original intended audience is a white, male God w... ... the voiceless, to overcome the patriarchal oppression and gradually find her ‘Self’. Bibliography Cutter, Martha. Philomela Speaks: Alice Walker's Revisioning of Rape Archetypes in The Color Purple - Critical Essay. MELUS, Fall – Winter, 2000. Davis, Thadious M. Walker’s Celebration of Self in Southern Generations. Hooks, Bell, ‘Writing the Subject: Reading The Color Purple’, in Bloom, H., ed. Modern Critical Views: Alice Walker, New York, 1989. Katz, Tamar. â€Å"Show Me How to Do Like You.† Didacticism and Epistolary Form in The Color Purple. 1988. Morrison, Toni The Bluest Eye, London: Picador, 1990. Peach, Linden Toni Morrison London: MacMillan, 1995. Shakhovtseva, Elena.  «The Heart of Darkness » in a Multicolored World: The Color Purple by Alice Walker as a womanist text. Walker, Alice The Color Purple London: The Women’s Press, 1986.

The Origins Of The Computer :: essays research papers

The Origins of the Computer This report is to be distributed freely and not to be sold for profit ect. This report can be modifyed as long as you keep in mind that you didn't write it. And you are not to hand in this report claiming credit for it heheh.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Roman Empire, founded by Augustus Caesar in 27 B.C. and lasting in Western Europe for 500 years, reorganized for world politics and economics. Almost the entirety of the civilized world became a single centralized state. In place of Greek democracy, piety, and independence came Roman authoritarianism and practicality. Vast prosperity resulted. Europe and the Mediterranean bloomed with trading cities ten times the size of their predecessors with public amenities previously unheard of courts, theaters, circuses, and public baths. And these were now large permanent masonry buildings as were the habitations, tall apartment houses covering whole city blocks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This architectural revolution brought about by the Romans required two innovations: the invention of a new building method called concrete vaulting and the organization of labor and capital on a large scale so that huge projects could be executed quickly after the plans of a single master architect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roman concrete was a fluid mixture of lime and small stones poured into the hollow centers of walls faced with brick or stone and over curved wooden molds, or forms, to span spaces as vaults. The Mediterranean is an active volcanic region, and a spongy, light, tightly adhering stone called pozzolana was used to produce a concrete that was both light and extremely strong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Romans had developed potsalana concrete about 100 B.C. but at first used it only for terrace walls and foundations. It apparently was emperor Nero who first used the material on a grand scale to rebuild a region of the city of Rome around his palace, the expansive Domus Aurea, after the great fire of AD 64 which he said to have set. Here broad streets, regular blocks of masonry apartment houses, and continuous colonnaded porticoes were erected according to a single plan and partially at state expense. The Domus Aurea itself was a labyrinth of concrete vaulted rooms, many in complex geometric forms. An extensive garden with a lake and forest spread around it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The architect Severus seems to have been in charge of this great project. Emperors and emperors' architects succeeding Nero and Severus continued and expanded their work of rebuilding and regularizing Rome. Vespasian (emperor AD 63-79) began the Colosseum. Which I have a model bad of. Built by prisoners from the Jewish wars the 50,000 Colosseum is one of the most intresting architectural The Origins Of The Computer :: essays research papers The Origins of the Computer This report is to be distributed freely and not to be sold for profit ect. This report can be modifyed as long as you keep in mind that you didn't write it. And you are not to hand in this report claiming credit for it heheh.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Roman Empire, founded by Augustus Caesar in 27 B.C. and lasting in Western Europe for 500 years, reorganized for world politics and economics. Almost the entirety of the civilized world became a single centralized state. In place of Greek democracy, piety, and independence came Roman authoritarianism and practicality. Vast prosperity resulted. Europe and the Mediterranean bloomed with trading cities ten times the size of their predecessors with public amenities previously unheard of courts, theaters, circuses, and public baths. And these were now large permanent masonry buildings as were the habitations, tall apartment houses covering whole city blocks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This architectural revolution brought about by the Romans required two innovations: the invention of a new building method called concrete vaulting and the organization of labor and capital on a large scale so that huge projects could be executed quickly after the plans of a single master architect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roman concrete was a fluid mixture of lime and small stones poured into the hollow centers of walls faced with brick or stone and over curved wooden molds, or forms, to span spaces as vaults. The Mediterranean is an active volcanic region, and a spongy, light, tightly adhering stone called pozzolana was used to produce a concrete that was both light and extremely strong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Romans had developed potsalana concrete about 100 B.C. but at first used it only for terrace walls and foundations. It apparently was emperor Nero who first used the material on a grand scale to rebuild a region of the city of Rome around his palace, the expansive Domus Aurea, after the great fire of AD 64 which he said to have set. Here broad streets, regular blocks of masonry apartment houses, and continuous colonnaded porticoes were erected according to a single plan and partially at state expense. The Domus Aurea itself was a labyrinth of concrete vaulted rooms, many in complex geometric forms. An extensive garden with a lake and forest spread around it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The architect Severus seems to have been in charge of this great project. Emperors and emperors' architects succeeding Nero and Severus continued and expanded their work of rebuilding and regularizing Rome. Vespasian (emperor AD 63-79) began the Colosseum. Which I have a model bad of. Built by prisoners from the Jewish wars the 50,000 Colosseum is one of the most intresting architectural

Empirical Analysis of Internet User in Dhaka City

Empirical analysis of internet user in Dhaka city BY Md. Faisal BBA (Studying) 4th year Major in International Business Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Email:faisal. [email  protected] com Customer Analysis A questionnaire survey method has been used to analyze the customer of internet services in Dhaka city. We basically tried to find the percentage of internet user, using pattern, nature of expenditure, satisfaction level, and the opportunity for a new business to enter into the market. The percentage of internet user in Dhaka City Among all respondents of our survey, 78% people use internet and the rest 22% do not use internet. This is given in the following graph: Figure1. 1: The percentage of internet user in Dhaka City From the above figure, we can easily understand the percentage of internet user in Dhaka City. Among all 78%user, majority are students, businessman, and private employee. On the other hand among all 22%non user, majority are government employee, small and medium (SME) business owner. Using pattern There are many internet services provider in Dhaka City that provide different internet package. As a result the using pattern of people is different. Using pattern can be divided into the following categories: A) Forms of internet used by the people B) Brand preferences C) Package preference A) Forms of internet used by the people Internet can be divided into different forms. These are: (A1) Broadband internet (A2) Wireless Modem (A3) Mobile Internet (A4) Wi-Fi In Dhaka city, people use different forms of internet. The graphical figure of different forms used by the people is given below: Figure: 1. 2 Forms of internet used by the people (%) The figure (1. 2) shows that 74% people use wireless modem, 17% use broadband internet, 7%use mobile internet and 2% use Wi-Fi. This figure clearly mentions that people prefer wireless modem over broadband internet. The reasons are the following: (1)Wireless modem internet provides better speed than broadband. (2)Low connection Cost (3)Prepaid package (4)Suitable for both Desktop computer and the Laptop The people specially the university student have the facility to use Wi-Fi. The Wi-Fi coverage area is very limited in Dhaka City. Some people also use mobile interne B) Brand preferences Many companies in Dhaka city provide internet services. These are the followings: A)Broadband Services provider B)Banglalion Wimax C)Qubee D)Citycell E)Airtel F)Robi G)Banglalink H)GP People use Different Brand. Brand preferences are shown in the following graph: Figure: 1. 3 Brand Preferences The above figure shows that 17% people use broadband internet,30%use banglalion wimax,23%use qubee,7. 5%use citycell ,2. 5%use airtel,and20. 51%use Grameenphone (GP) internet. We can say from our survey that top two brands are banglalion and qubee. Others are the broadbandservics provider, GP, citycell and the airtel. C) Package preference There are many types of internet packages are available . People use different package based on their demand, cost structure, and brand preferences. The following graph shows the different packages used by the people: Figure: 1. 3 package preferences According to the figure 1. 3, it is clear that 43. 5%people use unlimited package, 7. 39%people use internet minipac, 5. 51%people use a package that has limitations of more than 800MB. 35. 56% people use 800MB-1GB package, 7. 69% use 1-2. 5GB package. And 2. 56% use other package. Basically business man and rich people prefer unlimited package. On the other hand students and low income group normally prefer the rest of the package. So 56. 5% do not prefer unlimited package. So the internet services provider of Dhaka city must be careful about this issues while developing new packages. 3. 3: Nature of Expenditure Expenditure for using internet services can be divided into two parts. These are: 1. Initial Connection Charge 2. Monthly using charge 1. Initial connection Charge: If anyone wants to use internet services, first they have to pay for their connection. Connection charge varies from company to company. In Dhaka city the range of connection charge is BDT 1000-3500. 2. Monthly using Charge: Monthly using charge depends on the internet packages which are used by the internet user in Dhaka city. The following table shows the monthly for different packages: Packages Monthly Payment UnlimitedMore than 1000 taka Minipac internetLess than 250 taka 450MB-800MB250-300 taka 800MB-1GB300-350 taka 1GB-2. 5GB350-600taka 2. 5-5GB600-750taka Table 1. 1: Monthly using charge From table 1. 1 we have found that there is a correlation between the internet packages and monthly payment. When the using volume increases the monthly expenditure also increases. 3. 4: Satisfaction level When the people were asked whether they satisfied or not about their internet services, majority replied that they are not satisfied. The following figure shows the satisfaction level of the internet user in Dhaka city: Figure 1. 4: Satisfaction level of the Internet User in Dhaka City The above figure shows that 71. 79% internet users are dissatisfied with their current package. The rest 30. 76% are satisfied. The main reasons of Dissatisfaction are the slow browsing and download speed. From our survey, we found that 96% people get browsing speed less than 256kbps. Only 4% people get browsing speed more than 256kbps. In case of download speed, 30%people get speed less than 20kbps. 35. 89% people get the speed which range is 20-50kbps. 30. 6% people get the speed which range is 50-80kbps. And 5. 12% people get speed more than 100kbps. Because of these slow speeds the internet user has to spend long time to download anything from internet. It also increases their opportunity cost. So they are dissatisfied. Opportunity for a new business to enter into the market: â€Å"Is there any opportunity for a new business to enter into the market? † the answer is yes. The following arguments support this answer: Among all respondents of our survey, 78% people use internet and the rest 22% do not use internet. The user rate is very high. So we can say that the market is potential. Demand is there. Through analysis this demand, a new firm can enter into the market. When the people were asked whether they satisfied or not about their internet services, 71. 79% replied that they are not satisfied. But still they are using internet services. They want to get better. All will prefer high speed internet services. About 67. 85% people suggested to have unlimited packages and they are ready to pay on an average 750 taka per month for their packages. About 32. 15% people suggested having minimum 3GB internet packages and they are ready to pay on an average 350 taka per month for their packages. They are ready to switch their services if any company can satisfy their demand. If a new firm can think that they will satisfy the needs of the customer, they can easily enter into the market. The market is really potential. Many people do not use internet because of their low income level. The price of desktop computer or a laptop is high. But recently Bangladesh has produced its own laptop and notebook at more reasonable prices. The brand name is DOEL. Still now it is not available in the local market. Recently our government has said these laptop and notebook will be available in the market as early as possible. When these will be available in the market, the computer user will be increased. As a result the internet user will also be increased. So it will become an opportunity for a new business to enter into the market. The need of information is increasing rapidly. Internet is the major sources of information. Increasing information needs can be a major opportunity for a new business to enter into the market. The use of internet to market, sells, promote, or buy a product or services are increasing rapidly. This may be another opportunity for a new business to enter into the market.